Central Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and Culture

Lexical Representativeness And Semantic Branching Of Meronyms Related To Household Appliances In Uzbek And English

2025-08-02T11:00:17+00:00

This study examines the semantic and lexicographic properties of meronymic units related to household appliances in Uzbek and English. The study examines how household appliance terms are named in the two languages, their division into different parts, how meronyms are reflected in dictionaries, and how they express the cultural and logical features of both languages. It also shows how linguistic changes occur when using the meronymic system to represent the structure of an object. The article highlights the similarities and differences between English and Uzbek and is prepared using the method of contrastive analysis

The Unspoken Fractures: Uncovering the Gaps in Dickens’ “Hard Times” Through Critical Lenses: a Book Review

2025-08-09T09:49:21+00:00

Charles Dickens’ Hard Times resonates not merely through its overt critique of industrial society, but through its profound silences – the conceptual and narrative gaps where human complexity fractures under Utilitarian ideology. This analysis employs Marxist, Feminist, and Foucauldian frameworks to dissect these deliberate omissions as active sites of ideological struggle. A Marxist lens exposes the erasure of the labourer’s humanity – the reduction of workers to mere "hands," the muffling of collective consciousness, and the obscured brutality within Coketown’s "hidden abode" of production. Feminist scrutiny reveals the suffocation of the feminine: Louisa Gradgrind’s choked-off inner world, Sissy Jupe’s constrained role as nurturing symbol rather than full subject, and the grotesque distortions of womanhood embodied by Sparsit and Mrs. Gradgrind. Foucauldian analysis uncovers the mechanisms of control: Gradgrind’s school manufacturing compliant subjects, Bounderby’s self-serving narratives constructing "truth," and Coketown’s panoptic atmosphere suppressing dissent. Ultimately, the novel’s power lies in its unflinching exposure of these fissures – the muffled cries of alienated labour, stifled breath of confined womanhood, and pervasive hum of controlling discourse. These unresolved gaps stand as stark testaments to the human cost crushed beneath quantification, urging continual reckoning with lived experience’s unreduced complexity.

Method and Methodology of Comparative-Typological Research of Verbs in English-Uzbek Languages

2025-08-09T17:46:15+00:00

Comparative-typological linguistics offers a valuable framework for analyzing how different languages encode universal grammatical concepts. This approach is especially insightful when comparing typologically distant languages such as English and Uzbek. Verbs serve as a central component of grammatical structure, carrying essential information about tense, aspect, mood, voice, and argument structure. Despite previous studies examining specific phenomena in either English or Uzbek, a holistic comparative-typological analysis of their verb systems remains underdeveloped. Existing literature often lacks a unified methodological framework to compare the complex morphological, syntactic, and semantic dimensions of verbs in these languages. This research aims to develop a rigorous methodological approach for the comparative-typological analysis of English and Uzbek verbs, identifying both shared linguistic principles and language-specific structures. Utilizing a parallel corpus and targeted native speaker elicitation, the study systematically analyzes and compares the verb systems across morphological (e.g., tense, aspect, mood), syntactic (e.g., valency, argument structure), and semantic (e.g., verb classes, TAM semantics) levels. The study offers an integrative methodological framework incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analyses, typological mapping, and contrastive techniques. It also introduces procedures for addressing challenges like non-isomorphic categories and data ambiguity. The findings have theoretical significance for linguistic typology and practical applications in language pedagogy, translation, and computational linguistics, offering a replicable model for future cross-linguistic verb research.

The Impact of The Decrease in The Water Share of The Musayyib Project on The Agricultural Plan in The District of Kothi in Babylon Province

2025-08-15T10:35:19+00:00

The large Musayyib project is one of the important irrigation projects in the province of Babylon and is located 65 km south of the city of Baghdad, and is considered the main water source in the district of Kothi, which penetrates most of the territory of the district and its branches to irrigate cultivated crops, and the problem of the study came to highlight the impact of the low water share of the Musayyib project on the agricultural plan in the district of Kothi; One of the objectives on which the study was built is the analysis of climatic elements in a quantitative manner to give specific quantitative results that differ from the descriptive method of the study area, and the division of the study area into rain and thermal ranges to show the climatic variation between the north and the south, and the research adopted the method of scientific analysis and based on the presentation of the subject of the research in addition to the quantitative method in the statement of the temporal and spatial distribution of the water share of the Musayyib project in the study area and its relationship to the agricultural development plan.

The Conceptual Foundations of Image Poetics in Prose Fiction (Based on the story “The Lonely Relic of Summer”)

2025-08-16T07:50:11+00:00

Literary fiction serves as a medium for expressing the inner and outer worlds of individuals through artistic images that reflect an author’s aesthetic worldview and philosophical meditations. In prose, the image functions not only as a depiction of reality but also as an ideologically and aesthetically charged phenomenon, as demonstrated in Khayriddin Sultan’s story “The Lonely Relic of Summer.” While studies address symbolic and psychological imagery in literature, there is limited research on multi-layered narrative techniques that blend philosophical depth, generational fate, and symbolic detail in Uzbek prose. This study analyzes the conceptual foundations of image poetics in prose fiction through the characterization, symbolic details, and narrative structure in Sultan’s story. The analysis reveals how the author conveys human existence, loneliness, and fate through psychological depth, symbolic details, and unconventional narrative perspectives, including the personification of inanimate objects like the gun. Generational tragedy, spiritual solitude, and moral integrity emerge as central themes, while dynamic portraits and symbolic legends enrich the narrative. The work highlights the innovative use of symbolic and psychological detail, multi-perspective narration, and integration of philosophical reflections to expand the expressive potential of Uzbek prose. This study underscores the importance of symbolic and psychological depth in literary narratives, suggesting that nuanced image poetics can deepen emotional engagement and philosophical resonance in contemporary fiction.

Research of Means of Confirmation and Denial

2025-08-16T08:08:21+00:00

Affirmation and negation are fundamental linguistic categories that reflect essential features of reality, serving as core concepts in philosophy, logic, and linguistics. Their accurate identification and application play a crucial role in communication, shaping meaning at both theoretical and applied levels. In the Uzbek language, these categories manifest through various verbal and nonverbal means, including morphological affixes, lexical forms, modal particles, gestures, emojis, and intonation, influencing sentence structure and pragmatic interpretation. While affirmation and negation have been extensively studied in Russian and English linguistics, comprehensive research on their full range of forms and pragmatic functions in Uzbek remains limited. This study aims to classify and analyze the diverse forms of expressing affirmation and negation in Uzbek, considering both linguistic and extralinguistic means, and to assess their role in determining the reliability and polarity of judgments. The analysis identified specific verbal indicators such as modal words, negative pronouns, and affixes, as well as nonverbal cues like gestures and emojis, which collectively convey affirmative or negative meanings. Comparative insights from Russian linguistic traditions, including Peshkovsky’s classification and RG-80 typology, were adapted to the Uzbek context. The integration of nonverbal communicative means with traditional morphological and lexical forms offers a more holistic framework for understanding affirmation and negation in Uzbek. These findings enhance theoretical models in linguistics and have practical applications in fields such as NLP, machine learning, and language teaching, where accurate polarity detection is essential for semantic processing and effective communication.

Postmodern Features in John Ashbery’s Poem “My philosophy of life”

2025-08-17T11:05:38+00:00

Postmodernism in literature challenges traditional notions of meaning, narrative coherence, and authorial authority, finding fertile ground in poetry for its embrace of ambiguity and fragmentation. John Ashbery’s “My philosophy of life” encapsulates these postmodernist traits, blending high cultural references with mundane details, and resisting the consolidation of ideas into a single philosophical system. While Ashbery’s work has been widely examined, focused analysis of how this poem enacts postmodernist strategies to critique and reimagine philosophical discourse remains underexplored. This study aims to analyze the poem through the lenses of fragmentation, metafiction, intertextuality, irony, and epistemological relativism, revealing its engagement with postmodernist aesthetics. The analysis identifies five defining features: narrative discontinuity, self-referential commentary on the act of philosophizing, juxtaposition of elevated and trivial subjects, ironic undermining of grand philosophical ambitions, and the valorization of uncertainty and interpretive “gaps.” These traits dismantle cultural hierarchies, reject metanarratives, and promote a playful, contingent approach to meaning. The study demonstrates how Ashbery transforms philosophical inquiry into an open-ended, sensory, and humorous practice, offering a nuanced contribution to the understanding of postmodern poetics. By reframing philosophy as a flexible, lived experience rather than a rigid system, the poem underscores the creative potential of ambiguity and positions itself as both a critique and an extension of philosophical thinking within late twentieth-century American literature.

Freudian Uncanny in Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart and How Theories Applied to Edgar Allan Poe’s Life and Works

2025-08-20T15:21:32+00:00

One such study explored Edgar Allen Poe’s this same explain soul through eyepiece after all Freud’s concept of both the inexplicable. This study evaluates what inhibition, fixation, and the back of both the restrained emerge through symbols such as with the "vulture eye" but instead psychotic symptoms. Something that emphasis is placed Poe’s storytelling in under psychology critiques as well as provides a link character poetic thematic of between victor emotionally damaging life story. This article presents a study of the issue like overly simplistic explanations yeah psychodynamic observations but also intends one multimodal team that mixes close reading, psychoanalytical, but also biographies critique. one such approach recognizes its thorough after all Poe’s psychological thriller as well as strengthens this same knowledge of interaction with both living, theorist, but also literary works.

The Metadiscoursal Functions of Metaphor in Linguistic Discourse

2025-08-20T12:06:53+00:00

This study offers a comparative analysis of how metaphor is deployed by leading linguists and explores the metadiscoursal functions of metaphor in linguistic discourse, focusing particularly on its use as a multifunctional and implicit metadiscoursal category. It compares the functions of the metaphorical use of examples and analogies employed in linguistic discourse. Drawing on Hyland (2005) framework of the functions of metadiscourse, the study examines how these theorists utilize metaphors such as language as a mirror, computation, blueprint, and instinct to guide interpretation, facilitate abstraction, and frame linguistic and cognitive phenomena. Metaphor is analyzed not as a literary concept but as a metadiscoursal strategy used systematically in linguistic theorizing. The paper clarifies the source-to-target domain mappings of these metaphors and suggests that metaphor performs functions like framing, explaining and clarifying, asserting claims, and engaging the reader. The study argues that metaphor is a conceptual and rhetorical tool that frames assumptions, guides the reader to the desired interpretation, reinforces theoretical identity and deflects counterargument.

The Role of the Female Image in Modern Indian Literature

2025-08-20T15:21:30+00:00

The evolving representation of women in modern Indian literature reflects the socio-cultural transitions that have shaped contemporary Indian society. This paper explores how female characters have moved beyond the traditional archetypes of submissive wives, ideal mothers, or romantic heroines to become powerful symbols of resistance, identity, and transformation. Through the works of authors such as Arundhati Roy, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Kamala Das, the study reveals a shift in narrative focus—from women being passive subjects to active agents confronting patriarchy, societal constraints, and internal conflicts. These writers employ diverse literary strategies, including stream-of-consciousness, metaphor, and symbolic imagery, to give voice to women’s personal, emotional, and psychological experiences. The paper also highlights how themes such as migration, sexual autonomy, marital dissatisfaction, and cultural hybridity are used to present more authentic and multifaceted female characters. By critically analyzing these texts, this study aims to demonstrate how modern Indian literature both reflects and challenges established gender norms, contributing to a broader feminist discourse in postcolonial literature.

Egypt's Efforts in Developing the Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science (ALSCO) 1970_1978 Research in the Documents of the League of Arab States

2025-08-18T11:03:49+00:00

The research deals with the efforts of Egypt in the development of the Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science (ALESCO) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization for the period 1970 until the end of the role of Egypt in the League of Arab States 1978 when the headquarters of the organization was transferred to Tunisia. And cooperation with UNESCO in that and in supporting the Arabic language in education and education and the development of bilateral Arab relations in the educational fields, Egypt has taken the lead in the fields of education, culture and science.

‏The Role of Translation in Heartening World Literature and Associating Cultures

2025-08-20T15:21:28+00:00

As language and culture are closely intertwined and both affect our identities, morals, and perspectives, it may be difficult to communicate efficiently across linguistic borders on the global stage where over thousands of languages are spoken. In these situations, the art of translation becomes an influential tool because it has the potential to bring people across cultures. Translation is an art that necessitates a thorough understanding of the nuances of both the source and destination languages and cultures. In conclusion, the article fully covers the topic of translation as an art form, including the complexity and significance of the process of transferring between cultures. The value of translation in a highly interconnected and integrated through the ages and globalization of the country, including the relationship between languages, is no longer a barrier. The situation often leads to the fact that translators and cultural cooperation become the objects of research by many scientists.

Boundary Stones (Kudurru)

2025-08-21T17:59:41+00:00

This research presents an in-depth study of the Kudurru stones, highlighting their significant role in the economic and religious aspects of Mesopotamia. These stones contained important information regarding the prevailing political and geographical situations. The study traced the symbols and marks inscribed on the Kudurru stones, revealing aspects of religious life and the artistic style used to depict the gods' symbols. The forms of Kudurru stones varied, from slender tall pieces to flattened slabs. Their use became widespread during the Old Babylonian period, though not maintaining the same use in later eras. Meanwhile, the Middle Babylonian period witnessed a special flourishing of Kudurru stones under the Kassite dynasty's rule.The research aims to provide a comprehensive definition of Kudurru stones, calling them boundary stones that define the ownership of individuals and land areas. It clarifies their main types—private and public boundary stones— and describes them by shape, size, practical and religious functions. It highlights two carving styles used to make them and reviews prominent models, such as King Meli-Shipak’s stone. The study analyzes the deity fields on these stones, classifying gods by rank and explaining the artistic importance of the symbol distribution. The research concludes by confirming the importance of Kudurru stones in Kassite art and their relation to thematically religious significant artistic topics.

Objective and Subjective Factors of Formation of Legal Culture in the Worldview of an Entrepreneur

2025-08-22T15:32:43+00:00

Entrepreneurship plays a central role in the economic development of nations, shaping human capital, creating employment, and driving socio-economic transformation. In Uzbekistan, ongoing liberal-democratic reforms and the strengthening of constitutional guarantees have created a new environment for entrepreneurial growth, supported by an updated legal framework, institutional changes, and inclusive economic policies. While the importance of entrepreneurship is widely recognized, the interplay between legal culture, constitutional guarantees, and sustainable entrepreneurial development in the context of Uzbekistan’s reforms has not been sufficiently examined. This study seeks to analyze the objective and subjective factors that influence the formation of legal culture in the worldview of entrepreneurs and to assess the implications of reforms for entrepreneurial activity. The findings demonstrate that reforms have enhanced small business development, improved professional qualifications, expanded creativity among entrepreneurs, and contributed to a higher standard of living. Empirical evidence highlights the increasing role of small businesses in trade, exports, and service provision. International comparisons with Japan and the United States further underscore the global significance of small enterprises. This research provides a multidimensional perspective by combining legal, economic, and socio-political analysis, revealing that entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan is not only an economic activity but also a reflection of legal culture and societal transformation. The study underscores that strengthening entrepreneurs’ legal culture ensures compliance with laws, protects rights, and fosters innovation, positioning entrepreneurship as a key driver of inclusive and sustainable development in the evolving economy of Uzbekistan.